
Lesson 1: 5 Basic Chinese Grammars Every Beginner Must Know!

You have to understand the basic Chinese grammars to become fluent in Chinese. If you are a beginner Chinese learner, I would recommend starting with something short and simple, like this!
1. Basic Sentence Structure
Just like English, the basic form of Chinese sentence structure is Subject + Verb + Object.
Subject Verb Object
我 是 学生。
Wǒ shì xué shēng。
I am a student.
2. No Verb ‘To Be’. All You Need is「是」!
Unlike English, there is no verb ‘to be’ rules in Chinese. All personal pronouns, from ‘I’ to ‘it’, use 是 (shì) as the linking verb (Yes, 是 does not change form at all). Apart from being regarded as the verb ‘to be’ in Chinese, you will often find the word 是 in other contexts!
Subject Verb Object
我 是 学生
Wǒ shì xué shēng
I am a student
你/您 是 学生
Nǐ/nín shì xué shēng
You are a student
他/ 她/它 是 学生
Tā/tā/tā shì xué shēng
He/She/It is a student
我们 是 学生
Wǒ men shì xué shēng
We is a student
你们 是 学生
Nǐ men shì xué shēng
You is a student
他们/她们/它们 是 学生
Tā men/tā men/tā men shì xué shēng
They is a student
Did you notice that there is no 您们 in Chinese?
3.「不」for the Opposite!
不 (bù), which means ‘no’ or ‘not’, is used to negate a verb. A kind reminder: 不 does not apply for all cases, there is another negative particle, 没 (méi). 不 is placed before the verb, adjective, or preposition in a sentence.
Subject Negative Determiner Verb Object
我 不 是 学生。
Wǒ bù shì xué shēng。
I am not a student.
4. 「也」for Also/As Well/Too
Also/as well/too is expressed in Chinese as 也 (yě). As an adverb. 也 is written after the subject and before the verb. If there is a negative determiner, 也 is placed before the negative determiner.
Subject Also/As Well/Too Verb Object
我 也 是 学生。
Wǒ yě shì xué shēng。
I am also a student.
Subject Also/As Well/Too Negative Determiner Verb Object
我 也 不 是 学生。
Wǒ yě bù shì xué shēng。
I am not a student as well.
5. Asking Questions Using「吗」
Finally, you can use the question word 吗 (ma) to ask almost any yes-no questions! You can convert your statement into a question, simply by placing it at the end of the sentence.
Subject Verb Object Question Word
你 是 学生 吗?
Nǐ shì xué shēng ma?
Are you a student?

